• Aerobic
Respiration pEow 22
DGo -475 (kJ/mol)
{CH2O} + O2(g) ®
CO2(g)
+ H2O
• Denitrification pEow 21 DGo -448 (kJ/mol)
5{CH2O}
+ 4NO3-
®
2N2(g) +
4HCO3- +
CO2(g) +
3H2O
• Manganese reduction pEow 18 DGo -349 (kJ/mol)
{CH2O}
+3CO2(g) + H2O
+ 2MnO2(s) ®
2Mn2+ +
4HCO3-
• Iron
reduction pEow 9.2 DGo -114 (kJ/mol)
{CH2O}
+7CO2 +
4Fe(OH)3(s) ®
4Fe2+ +
8HCO3- +3H2O
• Sulphate reduction pEow 4.5 DGo -77 (kJ/mol)
2{CH2O}
+ SO42- ®
H2S(g) + 2HCO3-
• Methanogenesis pEow 4.1 DGo -58 (kJ/mol)
2{CH2O} ®
CH4(g) +
CO2(g)
[ pEow = pEo at pH = 7.0 in water, not [H+]
= 1.0M ]