• Lakes : epilimnion surface
layer (warm)
thermocline T change
region (T )
hypolimnion bottom
layer (cold)
• Due to the r diff. in summer the vertical stratification means the
layers do not mix.
• Overturn occurs in autumn.
• Oligotrophic – growth of
aquatic organisms
(esp. algae) is limited,
nutrient poor.
• Eutrophic – due to nutrient
rich conditions excessive biological
productivity.