• Global Circulation Models are 3D
coupled ocean-atmosphere
computer models which
calculate numerically the tropopsheric
structure & processes vs time.
• GCM models
calculate both meteorological &
chemical processes simultaneously.
• A GCM uses a grid
of the Earths surface at
low resolution 200 km(h)x1km(v), <100 year.
• approximations to radiation effects
• approx. to air
chemistry (parameterise)
• approx. for cloud
effects (parameterise)
• approx. air-sea energy &
gas exchange
• approx. for plant
CO2 & methane fluxes
• and many more approximations...