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10
CH3041
RADIATIVE FORCING
• The greenhouse gases have brought about
radiative
forcing of
+2.45 W m-2 
since pre-
industrial
times.
• Radiative
 forcing
 components:
 greenhouse gases (direct) +2.45     W m-2
 aerosols (sulphate, carbon)  -0.2 - -1.5 W m-2
 cloud change (indirect)            0  - -1.5  W m-2
Relative
Radiative Forcing
1980-1990