• 13C NMR signals are
observed as sharp
singlets under normal
operating conditions.
(coupling to bonded
H spins is
removed)
Natural abundance 13C
of 1.1% means a very
low prob. of
adjacent 13C-13C \ no coupling.
We use proton
decoupling to remove J 1H13C
• Coupling of
adjacent
H spins gives these
complex patterns.