• Ceramics are brittle. This poses problems for manufacturing
& use. eg. high-Tc wires.
• Under stress a microfine defect
develops
this widens rapidly until the material cracks.
• What is required are defect-free ceramics or defect-tolerant structures.
• Sintering of uniform
ceramic powders at high T coalesces the particles without melting creating
defect-free structures.
• Organoceramics - created by sintering very small,
uniform oxide particles coated with organic polymers, defect-free.
• Ceramics embedded
with ZrO2 are defect-
tolerant as the ZrO2 can expand up to 5%.