L1 /
11
CH1012
THE 2ND
SUBSTITUTION
ortho-para directing groups:
where Z = an electron donating grp.
where Z = an electron donating grp.
eg.
-OH, -OR, -NR2, -Ph, -R, -F
meta directing groups:
where Z = an electron withdrawing group.
where Z = an electron withdrawing group.
eg. -NO2, -CN,
-C(=O)R, -C(=O)OR, -CF3
activating groups: more reactive than C6H6
ortho-para directing & there are lone
pair(s) on the atom adjacent to the ring.
ortho-para directing & there are lone
pair(s) on the atom adjacent to the ring.
deactivating
groups: less reactive than C6H6
all the groups that are not covered within
the activating group classification.
all the groups that are not covered within
the activating group classification.
