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CH1012
ORBITAL
HYBRIDISATION
Valence Bond Theory. A simple theory
that organic chemists like to
work with when discussion reactions
and NMR spectscopy.
• Several atomic
orbitals on an atom are combined
to form orbitals optimized for bonding
these are called “hybrid orbitals”, these
combine on adjacent atoms and form sigma
(s) and pi (p) bonds.
• Hybridisation is based on mathematical combination of atomic orbitals.
• We combine n atomic
orbitals and we
form n hybrid orbitals
form n hybrid orbitals
eg. (1 x s) + (2 x p) atomic
orbitals
® 3 x sp2 hybrid orbitals
® 3 x sp2 hybrid orbitals
